Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

646
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
646
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

591
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
591

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Carglumic acid and mesalazine as potential anti-mycobacterial agents: a spectroscopic study for repurposing drugs against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> targeting its essential enzyme ThyX.

Microbiology spectrum·2025
Same author

Precise correction of a spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations in coding and non-coding regions by base editors.

Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids·2024
Same author

Crafting Ethnographic Relationships During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany Using Voice-Based Technologies.

Medical anthropology·2024
Same author

Macrophakia: The characterization of a novel lens condition.

Heliyon·2024
Same author

Base editing of key residues in the BCL11A-XL-specific zinc finger domains derepresses fetal globin expression.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2024
Same author

A transparent synthetic peptide hydrogel as a haemostatic agent in athermal nerve sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: an observational study.

Translational andrology and urology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
06:38

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

2.6K

Synthetic cannabinoid induced ocular self-injury.

Kunal Malik1, Sumana Kommana1, Joshua Paul1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|June 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic cannabinoid (K2) intoxication can cause severe neuropsychiatric effects. Two patients with schizophrenia self-injured their eyes while hallucinating, highlighting a new risk associated with these drugs.

Keywords:
K2ocular self injuryself-harmsynthetic cannabinoid

More Related Videos

Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents
03:43

Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents

Published on: August 22, 2025

276
Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
06:38

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

2.6K
Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents
03:43

Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents

Published on: August 22, 2025

276
Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Psychiatry
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Synthetic cannabinoids are popular recreational drugs with significant neuropsychiatric risks.
  • Unlike natural cannabis, synthetic cannabinoids can cause severe toxicity.
  • Untreated schizophrenia may increase vulnerability to drug-induced psychosis and injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first cases of ocular self-injury associated with synthetic cannabinoid intoxication.
  • To highlight the potential for severe adverse events in vulnerable populations.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of two patients presenting with ocular self-injury.
  • Patients were intoxicated with synthetic cannabinoids (K2) and had a history of untreated schizophrenia.
  • Clinical presentation and injury mechanism were documented.

Main Results:

  • Both patients experienced visual hallucinations of a bug behind their eye.
  • In attempts to remove the perceived bug, they caused significant damage to the periocular soft tissue.
  • These injuries represent a novel form of self-harm linked to synthetic cannabinoid use.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic cannabinoid intoxication can lead to severe neuropsychiatric toxicity, including visual disturbances and self-harm.
  • Ocular self-injury is a newly identified complication, particularly in individuals with pre-existing psychiatric conditions.
  • Clinicians should be aware of these risks when evaluating patients with synthetic cannabinoid exposure.