Cubosome: A Potential Liquid Crystalline Carrier System

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology and Materials Science
• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Cubosomes are biocompatible, stable, and adhesive nano-constructed liquid crystalline particles.
• They self-assemble from amphiphilic lipids and surfactants into a honeycomb-like structure.
• Their structure features distinct aqueous regions and a large interfacial area for diverse molecule encapsulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To detail the structure, preparation, and drug delivery capabilities of cubosomes.
• To explore cubosomes as versatile carriers for hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic bioactive molecules.
• To review their applications, administration routes, formulations, and market potential.

Main Methods:

• Morphological characterization using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM).
• Preparation via top-down or bottom-up strategies utilizing dispersion techniques like sonication and spray drying.
• Evaluation of characteristics including drug loading, release mechanisms, and stability.

Main Results:

• SAXS and cryo-TEM confirmed cubosomes as nanometer-sized, square, and round particles.
• Demonstrated ability to encapsulate a wide range of molecules (e.g., paclitaxel, oligonucleotides).
• Highlighted benefits such as high drug loading, controlled release, and suitability for multiple administration routes.

Conclusions:

• Cubosomes are highly versatile, biocompatible drug carriers with significant potential in pharmaceutical applications.
• Their unique structure facilitates efficient delivery of diverse therapeutic agents.
• Further development and application in targeted and controlled drug delivery are promising.