Cervical cancer screening in rural Ethiopia: a cross- sectional knowledge, attitude and practice study

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Sub- Saharan Africa has a high incidence, prevalence and mortality due to shortage and underutilization of screening facilities. This study aims to assess knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer and its prevention, as well as practice of cervical cancer screening.

This cross-sectional community- based study was conducted in Butajira, Ethiopia in February 2018. Systematic cluster randomized sampling was used to select households from which women in the targeted age group of 30-49 years were invited to participate. Data was collected using a quantitative door to door approach. The questionnaire included socio-demographic data, obstetric history, general knowledge, risk factors, attitude and practice. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with knowledge, attitude and practice after dichotomizing the scores using the median as cut off point.

Three hundred forty-two out of 354 women completed the interviewer administered questionnaire making the response rate 96.3%. 125 women (36%) were aware of cervical cancer and 14 (4.7%) knew symptoms. None of the women named HPV as a risk factor. 61% thought it was a deadly disease, 13.5% felt at risk of developing cervical cancer and 60.7% said cervical cancer is treatable. Eight women (2.3%) had previously been screened. 48.1% had a source of information concerning cervical cancer, of which 66.5% named nurses. Better knowledge was associated with 1-8 years of education (OR = 2.4; CI: 2.4-1.3), having a source of information (OR = 9.1, CI:4.0-20.6), use of contraceptives (OR = 2.3, CI: 1.3-4.0) and a higher income (OR = 1.009, CI: 1.00-1.01). Naming nurses (OR:5.0, CI:2.4-10.3), another source of information (OR = 3.3, CI:1.2-9.0), use of contraceptives (OR = 2.2, CI:1.2-3.8) and living in an urban area (OR = 3.3, CI:1.2-9.0) were associated with a positive attitude. Naming nurses (OR = 21,0, CI:10.4-42.3) and another source of information (OR = 5.8, CI:2.4-13.5) were associated with participating in cervical cancer screening.

Most women were unaware of cervical cancer, HPV-infection as a risk factor and did not feel susceptible to cervical cancer. As Health workers were the most commonly mentioned source of information, focus should be put on their further education.