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Cigarette smoking and schizophrenia: Mendelian randomisation study.

Jianhua Chen1, Ruirui Chen2, Siying Xiang3

  • 1Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao University; and Shanghai Clinical Research Centre for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; and Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|June 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated if smoking causes schizophrenia using genetic data. Findings suggest that smoking behaviors do not causally influence schizophrenia risk.

Keywords:
Cigarette smokingMendelian randomisationgenome-wide association studiesschizophreniasingle nucleotide polymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Observational studies show a link between schizophrenia and smoking.
  • The causal relationship between smoking and schizophrenia risk is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the causal relationship between genetic variants for smoking behaviors and schizophrenia risk using Mendelian randomization.

Main Methods:

  • Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics.
  • Investigated genetic variants for smoking initiation, cessation, age at initiation, and quantity of smoking.
  • Employed inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and sensitivity analyses (MR-Egger, weighted median).

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between genetic variants for the four smoking behaviors and schizophrenia risk.
  • Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings, with no significant evidence of pleiotropy.

Conclusions:

  • The study does not support a causal role for cigarette smoking in the risk of developing schizophrenia.
  • While smoking is complex in schizophrenia patients, this genetic analysis did not find it to be a causal factor for the disease.