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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Classification of Neurotransmitters01:30

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Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
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Toward Neurosubtypes in Autism.

Seok-Jun Hong1, Joshua T Vogelstein2, Alessandro Gozzi3

  • 1Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York.

Biological Psychiatry
|June 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are identifying distinct autism spectrum disorder (ASD) neurosubtypes using brain imaging. These subtypes improve symptom prediction and diagnosis, paving the way for personalized interventions.

Keywords:
AutismBayesian modelingData-driven clusteringNeuroimagingReplicabilitySubtyping

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by significant neurobiological heterogeneity.
  • Identifying specific biomarkers requires dissecting variations at molecular, cellular, and brain network levels.
  • Previous neuroimaging studies in ASD yielded varied findings due to unaddressed heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize data-driven efforts in delineating homogeneous ASD subgroups through neuroimaging (neurosubtyping).
  • To outline key methodological steps for ASD neurosubtyping: sample selection, feature extraction, algorithms, and validation.
  • To highlight challenges and propose solutions for advancing ASD neurosubtyping research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging data-driven approaches for ASD neurosubtyping.
  • Analysis of methodological steps including sample selection, neuroimaging feature extraction, and algorithmic approaches.
  • Evaluation of validation strategies for identified ASD neurosubtypes.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary evidence suggests the existence of 2 to 4 distinct ASD neurosubtypes.
  • Neurosubtyping enhanced symptom prediction and diagnostic accuracy compared to group-average analyses.
  • Current research highlights needs for larger, transdiagnostic samples, advanced feature selection, and robust validation.

Conclusions:

  • Neurosubtyping holds promise for understanding ASD heterogeneity and improving clinical outcomes.
  • Addressing methodological challenges is crucial for advancing ASD neurosubtyping.
  • Future research should focus on transdiagnostic samples, multimodal data integration, and rigorous validation across scales.