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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
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Biomechanical effects following footstrike pattern modification using wearable sensors.

Peter P K Chan1, Zoe Y S Chan2, Ivan P H Au1

  • 1Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
|June 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

An 8-session gait retraining program successfully modified footstrike patterns in runners. However, biomechanical effects like vertical instantaneous loading rate varied across level, uphill, and downhill running conditions.

Keywords:
BiofeedbackIn-fieldKineticsRunningSlopeTraining

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Footstrike pattern is a key determinant of running biomechanics.
  • Modifying footstrike pattern may reduce injury risk and improve running economy.
  • In-field, sensor-based gait retraining offers a practical approach to altering running form.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biomechanical impact of an in-field sensor-based gait retraining program.
  • To assess the effectiveness of modifying footstrike pattern during level, uphill, and downhill running.
  • To analyze changes in footstrike angle, loading rate, stride length, cadence, and knee flexion.

Main Methods:

  • Quasi-experimental design with 16 habitual rearfoot strikers.
  • Baseline and post-retraining assessments on an instrumented treadmill.
  • An 8-session program using real-time audio biofeedback for footstrike modification.
  • Measurement of footstrike pattern, footstrike angle, vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR), stride length, cadence, and knee flexion angle.

Main Results:

  • 75% of participants modified their footstrike pattern during level running.
  • Significant improvements observed in footstrike angle, VILR, and knee flexion during level and uphill running.
  • Uphill running also showed reduced stride length and increased cadence.
  • Downhill running demonstrated no significant change in VILR, despite other biomechanical alterations.

Conclusions:

  • An 8-session in-field gait retraining program effectively altered footstrike patterns.
  • Biomechanical adaptations to gait retraining were inconsistent across different running slopes.
  • Further research is needed to optimize retraining strategies for varied terrain.