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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance - United States, January 22-May 30, 2020

Erin K Stokes1, Laura D Zambrano1, Kayla N Anderson1

  • 1CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response.

MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
|June 20, 2020
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects older adults and those with underlying health conditions, leading to higher hospitalization and death rates. Continued data collection is crucial for targeted interventions and reducing transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic caused millions of cases and deaths globally by May 2020.
  • Previous analyses identified age and underlying conditions as risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Children under 18 experienced less severe outcomes compared to older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe demographic characteristics, underlying health conditions, symptoms, and outcomes of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in the US.
  • To analyze trends and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity.
  • To inform public health policies and interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1,320,488 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases reported to the CDC (January 22–May 30, 2020).
  • Examination of demographic data, including age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
  • Review of reported underlying health conditions and clinical outcomes (hospitalization, ICU admission, death).

Main Results:

  • Cumulative COVID-19 incidence was 403.6 per 100,000 persons, highest in those aged ≥80 years.
  • Hispanic/Latino, Black, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations represented a significant proportion of cases.
  • Underlying conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic lung disease were common.
  • Hospitalization rates were six times higher, and death rates were 12 times higher for patients with underlying conditions compared to those without.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic remains severe, with notable disparities in certain population groups.
  • Underlying health conditions significantly increase the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, including hospitalization and death.
  • Enhanced data collection and analysis are essential for monitoring trends, identifying at-risk populations, and informing effective public health strategies to mitigate transmission.

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