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Related Concept Videos

Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
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Protein Glycosylation01:25

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

A Miniaturized Glycan Microarray Assay for Assessing Avidity and Specificity of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinins
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A Miniaturized Glycan Microarray Assay for Assessing Avidity and Specificity of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinins

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Imaging single glycans.

X Wu1, M Delbianco2, K Anggara1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.

Nature
|June 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists have directly imaged single glycan molecules for the first time. This breakthrough allows visualization of glycan connectivity and structure, advancing carbohydrate science.

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate chemistry and structural biology
  • Biophysics and nanoscience
  • Glycomics and glycobiology

Background:

  • Imaging biomolecules like proteins is crucial for understanding their structure and function.
  • Current methods for glycan characterization rely on indirect information, limiting detailed structural analysis.
  • The complexity and flexibility of glycans necessitate single-molecule imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for direct real-space imaging of single glycan molecules.
  • To achieve sub-nanometre resolution for visualizing glycan connectivity and isomerism.
  • To overcome limitations of current indirect glycan characterization techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of single glycan molecules using mass-selective, soft-landing electrospray ion beam deposition.
  • Real-space imaging of isolated glycans using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy.
  • Achieving sub-nanometre resolution for molecular visualization.

Main Results:

  • Successful direct imaging of individual glycan molecules.
  • Visualization of glycan connectivity at the molecular level.
  • Discrimination between different glycan regioisomers based on their direct images.

Conclusions:

  • Direct glycan imaging is now possible, providing unprecedented structural detail.
  • This technique offers a significant advancement for understanding carbohydrate structure and function.
  • Opens new avenues for glycomics research and the study of carbohydrate-related biological processes.