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Cardiovascular risk factors in people deprived of their liberty: an integrative review

Gabrielle Pessôa da Silva1, Sheila Coelho Ramalho Vasconcelos Morais1, Cecília Maria Farias de Queiroz Frazão1

  • 1Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Enfermagem. Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.

Revista Gaucha De Enfermagem
|June 20, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular disease risk factors are prevalent in incarcerated individuals, with modifiable factors like obesity and hypertension being most common. Prison environments often exacerbate these risks, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Cardiology
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) pose a significant global health burden.
  • Incarcerated populations experience unique health challenges, including higher CVD risk.
  • Understanding prevalent CVD risk factors in this demographic is crucial for targeted health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize scientific evidence on the most frequent cardiovascular disease risk factors in persons deprived of their liberty.
  • To identify key modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors within the prison population.

Main Methods:

  • An integrative literature review was conducted.
  • Searches were performed across seven major databases (CINAHL, Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, LILACS, CUIDEN, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library).
  • Keywords included: cardiovascular diseases, risk factors, prisons, prisoners.

Main Results:

  • Seventeen primary articles published in English and Spanish were included.
  • Overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, substance abuse, physical inactivity, metabolic syndrome, anxiety, depression, and unhealthy diet were identified as frequent risk factors.
  • These factors are often amplified within correctional facilities.

Conclusions:

  • Modifiable risk factors are the most prevalent contributors to cardiovascular disease in incarcerated individuals.
  • The prison environment presents limited opportunities for modifying these risk factors.
  • Interventions within correctional settings are essential to mitigate cardiovascular disease risk.
Abstract

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