Ovarian development pattern and vitellogenesis of ridgetail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda

The ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda has the potential to be used as a model organism in crustacean research because it has a transparent body, available draft genome, and short life cycle. However, their ovarian development pattern remains unclear under laboratory culture conditions. This study investigated the changes of ovarian external feature, ovarian histology, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI), as well as the expression and localization of vitellogenin in the ovary and the hepatopancreas during the first ovarian development cycle of E. carinicauda under laboratory-reared condition. The results demonstrated that (1) the first ovarian development cycle of E. carinicauda could be divided into 5 different stages in which the ovary changes its color from white to yellow during the vitellogenesis process in parallel with increasing GSI. (2) After pubertal molt, most females reached ovarian stage II while the females reached stage V after premating molt. (3) During the ovarian development, GSI increased smoothly and HSI relatively stable during the period of stages I to IV, while GSI increased but HSI decreased significantly from stages IV to V. (4) In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed that EcVg was slightly expressed in the oocyte cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The positive signal was mainly detected in hepatopancreatic fibrillar cells, and a strong signal was found in the hepatopancreas at stage IV. Moreover, the expression level of EcVg-mRNA in the hepatopancreas is stage-specific, and the hepatopancreas contributes majority of vitellin precursor protein to support the ovarian development of E. carinicauda.