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Age-related differences in structural and functional prefrontal networks during a logical reasoning task.

Maryam Ziaei1, Mohammad Reza Bonyadi2, David C Reutens2

  • 1Centre for Advanced Imaging, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. maryamziae@gmail.com.

Brain Imaging and Behavior
|June 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Older adults show distinct brain activity patterns during logical reasoning, particularly when their existing beliefs conflict with new information. This suggests age-related differences in belief bias and its neural underpinnings.

Keywords:
Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)Logical reasoningUncinate fasciculus, Cingulum bundle (CB)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Belief bias, the tendency to favor conclusions aligning with prior beliefs, can impair logical reasoning.
  • Aging is linked to declines in inhibitory control, potentially exacerbating belief bias.
  • Neural mechanisms of age-related belief bias in logical reasoning remain under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in brain activity during logical reasoning.
  • To examine the impact of belief load on neural responses during reasoning tasks.
  • To identify neural substrates underlying age differences in belief bias.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study 29 younger and 30 older adults.
  • Participants completed a syllogistic logical reasoning task with manipulated belief believability.
  • Structure-function-behavior analyses examined white matter integrity.

Main Results:

  • Older adults, unlike younger adults, engaged a network including anterior cingulate cortex and inferior frontal gyrus.
  • Functional connectivity revealed older adults used anterior cingulate network for intuitive responses and inferior frontal gyrus for response control.
  • White matter integrity in cingulum bundle and uncinate fasciculus correlated with rejecting believable statements.

Conclusions:

  • Aging alters neural processing during logical reasoning, particularly when beliefs are challenged.
  • Distinct neural networks support belief inhibition and response control in older adults.
  • Findings have implications for understanding decision-making in older adults facing conflicting information.