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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue
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Simulating Tissues with 3D-Printed and Castable Materials.

Michael O'Reilly1, Michael Hoff1, Seth D Friedman2

  • 1University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, USA.

Journal of Digital Imaging
|June 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Researchers created a database of 3D printing and casting materials for medical imaging phantoms. This resource aids in developing realistic anatomical models for training and simulation using readily available materials.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Materials Science
  • Manufacturing Technology

Background:

  • Medical prototyping and simulations require models with accurate tissue-equivalent imaging and physical properties.
  • Existing material data often lacks crucial medical imaging characteristics, hindering realistic phantom production.
  • Diverse 3D printing and casting materials present challenges in selecting appropriate options for specific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the availability of common commercial materials for creating high-fidelity imaging anthropomorphic phantoms.
  • To compile a comprehensive database of radiological, physical, manufacturing, and economic properties for printable and castable materials.
  • To provide a valuable resource for medical simulation experts to select materials for realistic phantom fabrication.
Keywords:
3D printingCT numberCastingHounsfield unitsMedical simulationPhantom

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Main Methods:

  • Generated a material database by fabricating or obtaining samples of 29 castable and 68 printable materials.
  • Scanned all material samples using computed tomography (CT) at multiple tube voltages.
  • Assessed radiological, physical, manufacturing, and economic properties for each material.

Main Results:

  • The study represents the largest assessment to date of multiple parameters for 3D printing materials in medical applications.
  • A comprehensive database of imaging characteristics for numerous common materials was successfully generated.
  • Data on radiological, physical, manufacturing, and economic properties were collected for 97 materials.

Conclusions:

  • Ample commercially available materials exist for creating high-fidelity imaging anthropomorphic phantoms using 3D printing and casting.
  • The freely available database empowers medical simulation experts to select optimal materials for realistic phantom production.
  • This work facilitates advancements in radiologic image-guided simulation and instruction through improved phantom fidelity.