Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation01:25

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

2.1K
Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
2.1K
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

1.4K
There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
1.4K
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

627
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
627
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

5.5K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
5.5K
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

434
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
434
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

884
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
884

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Economic burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Switzerland.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Familial Segregation Highlights Challenges in Rare SFTPA2 Variant Classification.

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)·2026
Same author

Clinical Remission in Severe Asthma: A Comparative Analysis of Patients with and Without Biologics from the Swiss Severe Asthma Registry.

Biomedicines·2025
Same author

Revue medicale suisse·2025
Same author

[High-flow nasal therapy in the management of stable obstructive respiratory diseases].

Revue medicale suisse·2025
Same author

[Sleep apnea in women : prevalence, symptoms, phenotypes, and treatment].

Revue medicale suisse·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

12.0K

[Hyperventilation syndrome and dysfunctional breathing : update].

Daphné Du Pasquier1, Jean-Marc Fellrath1, Alain Sauty1

  • 1Service de pneumologie, Réseau hospitalier neuchâtelois, Hôpital Pourtalès, 2000 Neuchâtel.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|June 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Dysfunctional breathing, including hyperventilation syndrome, causes unexplained shortness of breath often linked to anxiety. Early diagnosis and tailored respiratory rehabilitation are key to effective management.

More Related Videos

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
09:54

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

Published on: December 22, 2016

9.2K
Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

12.0K
A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
09:54

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

Published on: December 22, 2016

9.2K
Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Psychosomatic Medicine

Background:

  • Dysfunctional breathing encompasses respiratory disorders causing dyspnea without a clear organic cause.
  • Hyperventilation syndrome is a common manifestation, frequently associated with anxiety disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and management strategies for dysfunctional breathing.
  • To emphasize the link between dysfunctional breathing and anxiety disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on a constellation of clinical arguments and tests, as no single specific test exists.
  • Assessment considers patient history, symptoms, and potentially breathing pattern analysis.

Main Results:

  • Delayed diagnosis can lead to unnecessary medical investigations and increased patient anxiety.
  • Dysfunctional breathing is often secondary to or co-occurs with anxiety disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Management requires individualized approaches, primarily utilizing respiratory rehabilitation techniques.
  • Recognizing dysfunctional breathing is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and iatrogenic anxiety.