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Heat Policy Revision for Georgia High School Football Practices Based on Data-Driven Research.

Earl R Cooper1, Andrew J Grundstein2, Jessica D Miles3

  • 1Department of *Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens.

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Summary

The Georgia High School Association's revised heat policy, incorporating a 5-day acclimatization and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) guidelines, significantly reduced heat syncope and heat exhaustion (HS/HE) in football players. This evidence-based approach lowered HS/HE illness rates by 35% to 100%.

Keywords:
American footballexertional heat illnessfootball practice policyinterscholastic sportswet-bulb globe temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Interscholastic football heat policies lacked evidence-based foundations, hindering effective assessment of their impact on exertional heat illness.
  • Exertional heat illness remains a significant risk for student athletes, necessitating scientifically informed policy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the development of the Georgia High School Association's heat policy.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of revised heat and humidity guidelines in mitigating heat illness among high school football players.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive epidemiology study was conducted using data from Georgia high schools.
  • Heat syncope and heat exhaustion (HS/HE) illness rates (IRs) per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were calculated.
  • Relative risk (RR) was determined by comparing post-policy (POST) and pre-policy (PRE) illness rates.

Main Results:

  • During the pre-policy period, 50% of HS/HE illnesses occurred within the first 5 days of practice, with longer practices increasing illness rates.
  • HS/HE IRs escalated with higher wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGTs), rising significantly above 82°F (27.8°C).
  • The revised policy demonstrated a substantial reduction in HS/HE IRs across all WBGT categories, with RRs ranging from 0.23 to 0.65, and no illnesses at WBGTs >90°F (32.3°C).

Conclusions:

  • The Georgia High School Association revised its heat policy based on pre-period data, mandating a 5-day acclimatization and WBGT-based activity modifications.
  • The updated policy achieved a 35% to 100% reduction in HS/HE illness rates, indicating its effectiveness.
  • These findings offer a valuable model for other states facing similar hot and humid climates.