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Centrifugation

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris

Published on: July 28, 2018

A novel heating-assisted density separation method for extracting microplastics from sediments.

Xiangnan Zhang¹, Kai Yu², Hong Zhang²

¹School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China.

|June 21, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new method using heating-assisted sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) solution effectively extracts microplastics (MPs) from marine sediments. This technique offers higher recovery rates and is more comprehensive than traditional methods for marine pollution analysis.

Keywords:

Density separation Heating-assited Microplastics NaH(2)PO(4)

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Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris

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Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis

Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis

Published on: December 16, 2016

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Analytical Chemistry
Marine Biology

Background:

Marine microplastic (MP) pollution is a significant global environmental concern.
Accurate quantification of MPs in marine sediments is crucial for risk assessment.
Existing extraction methods may have limitations in efficiency and scope.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a novel, efficient method for microplastic extraction from marine sediments.
To evaluate the performance of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) solution for microplastic separation.
To assess the applicability of the developed method for analyzing real-world environmental samples.

Main Methods:

Development of a heating-assisted density flotation technique using sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) solution.
Validation of the method through recovery experiments with seven common types of plastics.
Comparison of NaH2PO4 efficacy against traditional sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions.
Application of the method to analyze microplastic abundance and characteristics in collected beach sediment samples.

Main Results:

The NaH2PO4 solution demonstrated higher microplastic recovery rates compared to NaCl.
NaH2PO4 successfully recovered all tested plastic types, including high-density plastics missed by NaCl.
The heating-assisted NaH2PO4 method proved effective for analyzing microplastics in diverse environmental samples.

Conclusions:

Heating-assisted NaH2PO4 density flotation is a promising, efficient, and comprehensive method for microplastic extraction from marine sediments.
This method offers advantages in recovering a wider range of plastic types and improving quantification accuracy.
The developed procedure provides a valuable tool for marine pollution monitoring and research.