Novel covalent organic framework/PVDF ultrafiltration membranes with antifouling and lead removal performance

Membrane separation technology is recognized as a competitive approach to remove Pb²⁺ from water system due to its high efficiency and low operating cost. In present study, a simple and facile approach was developed to fabricate covalent organic framework (COF) modified PVDF ultrafiltration membranes with comprehensive antifouling property and superior Pb²⁺ removal ability. Herein, COF was synthesised in a homogenous PVDF/DMAc solution to fabricate hydrophilic COF modified PVDF ultrafiltration membranes with the Pb²⁺ removal property. The filtration test demonstrated that the COF modified PVDF ultrafiltration membranes exhibited excellent antifouling property and high water flux. Moreover, the membranes showed remarkable potential for treating Pb²⁺-containing water. The removal efficiency was determined at 92.4%, and its removal efficiency was 87.5% at the fourth treatment cycle with Pb²⁺-containing water. The present work provides a valuable platform for further development of efficient composite membranes for the treatment of Pb²⁺-containing water.