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Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
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Rapidly-migrating and internally-generated knickpoints can control submarine channel evolution.

Maarten S Heijnen1,2, Michael A Clare3, Matthieu J B Cartigny4

  • 1National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK. maarten.heijnen@noc.ac.uk.

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Rapidly migrating underwater knickpoints, not previously recognized, are key drivers of submarine channel evolution. This discovery reveals new insights into sediment transport and deep-sea geological processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Geology
  • Oceanography
  • Sedimentology

Background:

  • Submarine channels are crucial for transporting terrestrial materials to the deep sea.
  • Understanding submarine channel dynamics is limited due to monitoring challenges compared to rivers.
  • Previous models focused on meander bends, levees, or bedforms for channel evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of an active submarine channel using long-term mapping.
  • To identify the primary mechanisms controlling submarine channel dynamics.
  • To assess the global significance of observed channel evolution processes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 9 years of time-lapse mapping of a submarine channel in Bute Inlet, Canada.
  • Analyzed channel morphology and migration patterns over the study period.
  • Compared observed processes with existing models of submarine channel evolution.

Main Results:

  • Documented rapid upstream migration of knickpoints (5-30 m high) at rates of 100-450 m/year.
  • Demonstrated that knickpoint migration drives significant channel evolution, including deep erosion (>25 m) and lateral shifts.
  • Identified knickpoints as internally generated, contrasting with external drivers in rivers.

Conclusions:

  • Knickpoint migration is a dominant, previously underappreciated, mechanism controlling submarine channel evolution.
  • Internally generated knickpoints play a significant role in deep-sea channel dynamics.
  • Findings have global implications for understanding sediment transport and submarine geomorphology worldwide.