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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
Published on: October 12, 2018
HIV, progestins, genital epithelial barrier function, and the burden of objectivity†
Rodolfo D Vicetti Miguel1, Nirk E Quispe Calla1, Thomas L Cherpes1
1Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Abstract:
Contributions from a diverse set of scientific disciplines will be needed to help individuals make fully informed decisions regarding contraceptive choices least likely to promote HIV susceptibility. This commentary recaps contrasting interpretations of results from the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) Trial, a study that compared HIV risk in women using the progestin-only injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) vs. two other contraceptive choices. It also summarizes results from basic and translational research that establish biological plausibility for earlier clinical studies that identified enhanced HIV susceptibility in women using DMPA.
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