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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry
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Mitochondria, Aging, and Cellular Senescence: Implications for Scleroderma.

Marta Bueno1,2, Anna Papazoglou3, Eleanor Valenzi2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 560 Bridgeside Point 1 Bldg.100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.

Current Rheumatology Reports
|June 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence are implicated in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Understanding these factors may reveal new therapeutic targets for this rare inflammatory disease.

Keywords:
AgingCellular senescenceLung fibrosisMetabolic reprogrammingMitochondria dysfunctionScleroderma

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Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory disease with unknown etiology.
  • It is characterized by vascular damage and fibrosis, influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • While not considered age-related, SSc shows increased cardiac events, fibrosis, and mortality in older individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and senescence in systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  • To explore the potential links between these aging processes and SSc pathogenesis.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, senescence, and their role in SSc.
  • Analysis of existing research on age-related diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) for comparative insights.
  • Synthesis of findings to outline the current status and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence are linked to age-related susceptibility in other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs).
  • SSc exhibits higher incidence of cardiac events, fibrosis, and mortality in older patients.
  • These aging hallmarks may contribute to SSc progression and severity.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is required to validate the role of aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and senescence in SSc.
  • Targeting mitochondrial homeostasis and removing senescent cells may offer novel therapeutic avenues for SSc.
  • Understanding these pathways could lead to improved treatments for systemic sclerosis.