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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Cellular processes driving gastrulation in the avian embryo.

Guillermo Serrano Nájera1, Cornelis J Weijer1

  • 1Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.

Mechanisms of Development
|June 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Gastrulation reorganizes the epiblast into a multilayered embryo through cell movements. This review details how cell behaviors and regulation drive these crucial embryonic developmental events.

Keywords:
Cell flowsChick embryoGastrulationIntercalationMorphogenesisPatterning

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Embryology

Background:

  • Gastrulation transforms the epiblast into a multilayered embryo.
  • Chick gastrulation involves a large-scale, convection-like flow of epithelial cells.
  • This flow positions mesendoderm precursors for ingression and migration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of cell behaviors driving gastrulation.
  • To explore the regulation of morphogenetic events during gastrulation.
  • To discuss mechanisms of cell movement and tissue reorganization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chick gastrulation.
  • Analysis of cell behaviors, biochemical patterning, and migration routes.
  • Discussion of technical advances in studying embryonic development.

Main Results:

  • Biochemical patterning establishes differential cell behaviors before gastrulation.
  • Coordinated cell actions generate global epithelial flows.
  • Cells ingress individually and migrate along defined pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular behaviors and their regulation are key to gastrulation.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for developmental biology.
  • New technologies will advance research in chick gastrulation models.