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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
129

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

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Phase angle predicts physical function in older adults.

C N Matias1, C L Nunes2, S Francisco2

  • 1Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade Lisboa, Portugal; Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade Lisboa, Portugal.

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
|June 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phase angle (PhA) is a valuable indicator of cellular health and predicts physical function in older adults. Higher PhA values correlate with better strength, agility, and balance, regardless of age or sex.

Keywords:
BISBody compositionElderlyFunctional fitnessPhysical fitness tests

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biophysics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Phase angle (PhA) is an established indicator of cellular health.
  • It shows potential as a marker for physical function in geriatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the predictive ability of Phase angle (PhA) for physical function in older adults.
  • To investigate the relationship between PhA and various physical fitness components.

Main Methods:

  • 113 healthy older adults underwent physical fitness assessments using the Fullerton Battery - Senior Fitness Test.
  • Phase angle (PhA) was determined using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (50KHz).
  • Body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Main Results:

  • Phase angle (PhA) demonstrated positive associations with functional fitness composite, chair stand, arm curl, and the 6-minute walk test.
  • PhA showed negative correlations with the chair sit-and-reach and 8-foot and go tests (p < 0.05).
  • Adjusting for confounders, PhA remained significantly associated with arm curl and 8-foot and go performance.

Conclusions:

  • Higher Phase angle (PhA) values are linked to superior physical function in older adults.
  • PhA serves as a predictor of body strength, agility, and dynamic balance, independent of age, sex, and skeletal muscle mass.