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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

391
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
391
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

704
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
704
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

198
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
198
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

340
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
340
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

644
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
644
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

189
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
189

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The Design of Worldwide Exploration of Renal Replacement Outcomes Collaborative in Kidney Disease Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Study.

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Improving CKRT Outcomes in Neonates and Infants through Interdisciplinary Collaboration (ICONIIC): Education Practices and Care Delivery Models.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
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Infection Post-AKI: Should We Worry?

Katja M Gist1, Sarah Faubel2

  • 1Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA, katja.gist@childrenscolorado.org.

Nephron
|June 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly impacts hospitalized patients, increasing infection and sepsis risk due to systemic effects. Understanding the underlying immune dysfunction is crucial for managing this high-mortality condition.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryDeathInfectionSepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and serious condition in hospitalized patients.
  • High mortality in AKI is increasingly linked to its detrimental systemic effects on multiple organs.
  • AKI is associated with impaired immune function, leading to an immunosuppressed state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the systemic consequences of AKI beyond the kidneys.
  • To investigate the link between AKI, immune dysfunction, and increased susceptibility to infection and sepsis.
  • To highlight the knowledge gap in understanding the prolonged immune alterations post-AKI.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on kidney-organ cross-talk in AKI.
  • Analysis of data linking AKI to increased risk of infection and sepsis.
  • Discussion of the current understanding of immune system alterations in AKI patients.

Main Results:

  • AKI triggers maladaptive host responses affecting remote organs (lung, heart, liver, spleen, brain).
  • Patients with AKI exhibit a substantially increased risk of subsequent infections and sepsis.
  • Sepsis is identified as the primary cause of death in patients with established AKI.

Conclusions:

  • The precise nature of immune dysregulation increasing sepsis risk in AKI remains largely unknown.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanistic pathways of the AKI-immune system-infection process.
  • Clinical management should focus on minimizing AKI severity and duration while anticipating infectious complications.