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Seroprevalence of babesiosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.

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Implementation and analysis of Babesia immunoassay testing.

Sergiy I Pokhil1, Andriy V Bondarenko2, Tatiana V Bocharova2

  • 1Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
|June 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Babesiosis diagnosis using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) shows higher antibody prevalence in Lyme disease patients than blood donors. Lifelong donor withdrawal is crucial for preventing babesiosis transmission.

Keywords:
BabesiaIgGIgMLyme diseaseimmunofluorescence assay

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Babesiosis, a tick-borne disease, poses a risk for transmission through blood donation.
  • Accurate serodiagnostic methods are essential for identifying infected individuals and preventing disease spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic potential of an experimental Babesia divergens whole-cell slide antigen and a commercial B. microti immunofluorescence assay (IFA) substrate for detecting Babesia antibodies.
  • To assess the prevalence of Babesia antibodies in various human and animal blood samples.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a diagnostic kit using experimental B. divergens and commercial B. microti IFA slides.
  • Clinical trial involving blood samples from patients with Lyme disease, rheumatoid arthritis, toxoplasmosis, human blood donors, and cattle.

Main Results:

  • Higher frequencies of antibodies to B. divergens (5.4%) and B. microti (2.3%) were found in Lyme disease patients compared to blood donors (1.7%).
  • Diagnostically significant IgG and/or IgM titers were detected in 16.7% of Lyme disease patients, versus 1.7% of blood donors.
  • Specific IgM antibodies were also prevalent in Lyme disease patients.

Conclusions:

  • Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) offers advantages for babesiosis diagnostics.
  • Significant disadvantages exist, including evaluation principles, low sensitivity in early disease stages, potential false positives, and a lack of validated test systems for B. divergens.