Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 17, 2025
07:59
Temporal Quantification of MAPK Induced Expression in Single Yeast Cells
Published on: October 4, 2013
8.8K
Negative feedback-loop mechanisms regulating HOG- and pheromone-MAPK signaling in yeast
Araceli Vázquez-Ibarra1, Griselda Rodríguez-Martínez1, Gehenna Guerrero-Serrano2
1Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México City, México.
Current Genetics
|June 22, 2020
Summary
Cellular signaling pathways, like the pheromone response and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathways, use negative feedback loops to prevent overactivation. MAP kinases are key regulators in these crucial cellular processes.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The pheromone response and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathways are well-characterized eukaryotic MAPK signaling systems.
- These pathways are essential for cellular environmental sensing and survival, particularly in unicellular organisms like Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Tight regulation is critical to prevent pathway hyperactivation, which can have severe consequences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review experimentally validated negative feedback loops governing the pheromone response and HOG pathways.
- To highlight the role of MAP kinases as central components in these regulatory circuits.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes findings from experimental studies on MAPK signaling pathways.
- Focus is placed on identifying and describing negative feedback mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Negative feedback loops are crucial for fine-tuning the intensity and duration of cellular responses.
- MAP kinases play a central role in modulating both rapid extranuclear signaling and slower transcriptional responses.
- These feedback mechanisms ensure precise cellular responses to specific environmental stimuli.
Conclusions:
- Negative feedback loops are essential for the proper functioning and regulation of the pheromone response and HOG pathways.
- MAP kinases are pivotal in mediating these feedback mechanisms, impacting cellular signaling and gene expression.
- Understanding these regulatory circuits provides insights into fundamental cellular processes and environmental interactions.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Yeast Signaling
16.9K
Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
16.9K
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
7.1K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.1K
01:07Cell Signaling Feedback Loops
7.1K
Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
7.1K
01:07MAPK Signaling Cascades
7.6K
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
7.6K
01:22Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade
16.7K
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
16.7K
01:28Global Regulatory Systems
455
Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
455