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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Assessment and Management of Postoperative Pain Associated with Sleep Apnea Surgery
Jonathan A Waxman1, Kerolos G Shenouda1, Ho-Sheng Lin1
1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine, 5E-UHC, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Abstract:
A literature review was conducted regarding the assessment and treatment of postoperative pain following surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Given the risks of opioid use by patients with OSA, special attention to opioid risk reduction and avoidance is warranted in this population. The results of this review demonstrate the existence of a body of evidence that supports the use of nonopioid analgesics and nonpharmacologic approaches pain management. Strategies for managing postoperative pain should emphasize the use of local anesthetic infiltration, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, topical analgesics, surgical wound cooling, and when necessary, safer opioid medications, such as tramadol and intranasal butorphanol.
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