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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
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INCORPORATING A DUAL-TASK ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL WITH FUNCTIONAL HOP TESTING.

Brandon M Ness1, Kory Zimney1, Thomas Kernozek2

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
|June 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Dual-task hop tests assessing cognitive function alongside physical performance showed reliable results in healthy individuals. The backward digit span memory task slightly decreased hop distance, but overall dual-tasking did not significantly impact performance, suggesting potential for realistic return-to-sport evaluations.

Keywords:
anterior cruciate ligamentcognitiondual-taskfunctional performanceknee

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Hop tests are crucial for assessing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury recovery and return-to-sport readiness.
  • High re-injury rates persist despite standard hop test protocols.
  • Dual-tasking, incorporating cognitive challenges, may offer a more ecologically valid assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a practical dual-task assessment paradigm during functional hop tests in healthy individuals.
  • To investigate the impact of cognitive load on hop test performance and reliability.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy participants (n=34) performed crossover triple hop (XHOP) and medial triple hop (MHOP) tests.
  • Testing conditions included standard, backward digit span memory, and visuospatial recognition dual-task protocols.
  • Motor and cognitive tasks were performed independently and simultaneously.

Main Results:

  • Hop distance was not significantly affected by dual-tasking, except for a minor decrease with the backward digit span task (p=0.04).
  • Cognitive task accuracy showed no significant differences across hop test types.
  • Dual-task protocols demonstrated excellent within- and between-session intrarater reliability for hop distance.

Conclusions:

  • Simultaneous cognitive tasks generally do not alter hop performance, with minimal impact from the backward digit span task.
  • Dual-task hop assessments exhibit strong reliability in healthy individuals.
  • Measurement precision requires further investigation for clinical application.