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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
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Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

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Cross talk between intracellular pathogens and cell death.

Benjamin Demarco1, Kaiwen W Chen1, Petr Broz1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.

Immunological Reviews
|June 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial infections trigger programmed cell death (PCD) in hosts as a defense or virulence strategy. This review explores how pathogens manipulate diverse PCD forms like apoptosis and pyroptosis, and how innate immunity counters these tactics.

Keywords:
apoptosisinfectioninnate immunitynecroptosisprogrammed cell deathpyroptosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bacterial infections can induce programmed cell death (PCD) in host cells, serving as either an innate immune defense mechanism or a bacterial virulence strategy.
  • Host cell death is regulated by complex innate immune and cell death signaling pathways, resulting in distinct forms like apoptosis, necroptosis, NETosis, and pyroptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of how bacterial pathogens initiate and manipulate host cell death signaling pathways.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which different forms of cell death restrict bacterial replication.
  • To examine the crosstalk between cell death and innate immune pathways in combating bacterial pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on bacterial pathogenesis and host cell death.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, necroptosis, NETosis, and pyroptosis during infection.
  • Discussion of bacterial strategies to evade or subvert host cell death.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial pathogens employ diverse strategies to elicit or evade host cell death, influencing infection outcomes.
  • Different forms of cell death exhibit varying efficiencies in restricting bacterial growth, depending on cell type and context.
  • Pathogen-induced inhibition of host cell death is countered by intricate crosstalk between innate immunity and cell death pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the manipulation of host cell death by bacteria is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • The interplay between innate immunity and cell death pathways represents a critical host defense against bacterial infections.
  • Further research into pathogen-specific modulation of cell death offers insights into infection control and immune evasion tactics.