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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia mortality in Hispanic Americans.

Jamie M Shoag1, Julio C Barredo2, Izidore S Lossos3

  • 1Department of Pediatric, Hematology and Oncology, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Leukemia & Lymphoma
|June 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Continental Hispanic Americans face higher acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) mortality than Caribbean Hispanics, linked to Native American ancestry. This study highlights significant disparities in ALL outcomes among Hispanic populations.

Keywords:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)Hispanicancestryepidemiologymortality

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) incidence and outcomes vary significantly across racial and ethnic groups in the United States.
  • Hispanic Americans, particularly those with higher Native American (NA) ancestry, often exhibit poorer ALL prognoses.
  • Hispanic populations are diverse, with varying degrees of NA ancestry between Continental and Caribbean groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) mortality rates among distinct Hispanic populations in the United States.
  • To determine if differences in Native American (NA) ancestry influence ALL mortality within Hispanic subgroups.
  • To provide population-based data on ALL mortality disparities among Hispanic Americans.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mortality data for 2428 pediatric and adult patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
  • Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated and compared across racial and ethnic groups, with a focus on Continental and Caribbean Hispanics.
  • Negative binomial regression was employed to assess mortality rate ratios (MRR) and confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • Both Continental and Caribbean Hispanics demonstrated higher ALL mortality rates compared to other racial/ethnic groups.
  • Continental Hispanics exhibited significantly higher ALL mortality rates (MRR 2.09, 95% CI 1.82-2.39) than Caribbean Hispanics (MRR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05-1.54).
  • This study is the first to show a distinct difference in ALL mortality based on Hispanic subgroup.

Conclusions:

  • Significant disparities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) mortality exist between Continental and Caribbean Hispanic populations.
  • Native American (NA) ancestry proportion appears to be a critical factor influencing ALL outcomes in Hispanic Americans.
  • Further research into genetic and environmental factors driving these disparities is warranted to improve ALL treatment and outcomes.