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Dementia

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Published on: December 16, 2022

Assessing the Predictive Validity of Simple Dementia Risk Models in Harmonized Stroke Cohorts.

Eugene Y H Tang¹, Christopher I Price¹, Louise Robinson¹

¹Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (E.Y.H.T., C.I.P., L.R., C.E.).

|June 23, 2020

Summary

Existing dementia risk prediction models for the general population show poor accuracy in stroke patients. New models are needed to accurately predict poststroke dementia risk.

Keywords:

aging dementia follow-up studies risk factors risk prediction

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Last Updated: Dec 17, 2025

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Published on: December 16, 2022

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Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

Area of Science:

Neurology
Epidemiology
Gerontology

Background:

Stroke survivors have an elevated risk of developing dementia.
Early identification of high-risk individuals is crucial for timely intervention.
Existing dementia prediction models are validated in the general population, not specifically in stroke patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the predictive validity of general population dementia risk models in stroke patients.
To determine if existing models can accurately predict poststroke dementia.

Main Methods:

Harmonized data from four international stroke studies (Hong Kong, US, Netherlands, France).
Tested three models: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) score, Australian National University Alzheimer Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI), and Brief Dementia Screening Indicator (BDSI).
Assessed model performance using C-statistic (area under the curve) and calibration tests.

Main Results:

Predictive accuracy varied and was generally low in stroke patients compared to original cohorts.
ANU-ADRI (C-statistic=0.66) and BDSI (C-statistic=0.61) performed better than CAIDE (AUC=0.53).
Models showed suboptimal discrimination for predicting poststroke dementia.

Conclusions:

General dementia risk models lack sufficient predictive validity for stroke patients.
Poor performance may stem from the need for stroke-specific or vascular risk factors.
Development of tailored, cost-effective poststroke dementia prediction models is warranted.