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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
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Improving imagery rescripting treatments: Comparing an active versus passive approach.

Marena Siegesleitner1, Miriam Strohm1, Charlotte E Wittekind1

  • 1LMU Munich, Department of Psychology, Leopoldstraße 13, 80802, Munich, Germany.

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
|June 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Imagery rescripting (ImRs) helps reduce distress by modifying aversive images. Passive ImRs (ImRs-P) was less distressing than active ImRs (ImRs-A), with both equally effective in increasing mastery compared to imagery rehearsal.

Keywords:
Imagery rescriptingIntrusive memoryMasteryPosttraumatic stress disorderSelf-efficacyTrauma film

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Background:

  • Imagery rescripting (ImRs) modifies aversive mental images to alleviate psychological symptoms.
  • Optimal implementation guidelines for ImRs are lacking, specifically regarding active patient intervention versus imagined helper intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and distress levels of active ImRs (ImRs-A) versus passive ImRs (ImRs-P) in an analogue setting.
  • To investigate the impact of different ImRs techniques on mastery, distress, positive and negative affect, self-efficacy, and intrusive memories.

Main Methods:

  • One hundred participants watched an aversive film and were randomized into four groups: ImRs-A, ImRs-P, imagery rehearsal (IRE), or no-intervention control (NIC).
  • ImRs-A involved participants imagining themselves intervening in the rescripted scene, while ImRs-P involved imagining helpers intervening.

Main Results:

  • Both ImRs techniques increased mastery and reduced distress compared to IRE.
  • Passive ImRs (ImRs-P) was experienced as less distressing than active ImRs (ImRs-A).
  • Active ImRs (ImRs-A) uniquely increased positive affect compared to IRE; no significant differences were found for negative affect or self-efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • While no symptomatic outcome differences were detected, passive ImRs (ImRs-P) offered a less distressing experience than active ImRs (ImRs-A).
  • Both ImRs techniques appear to engage distinct therapeutic processes compared to mere exposure.
  • Imagery rescripting (ImRs), in both active and passive forms, effectively increases mastery, comparable to imagery rehearsal (IRE).