Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

625
Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
625
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

884
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
884
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

434
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
434
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

627
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
627
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

351
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
351
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

675
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
675

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Management of Infective Endocarditis: A Scoping Review.

Journal of Brown hospital medicine·2026
Same author

Pneumopericardium Secondary to Jejunopericardial Fistula.

Journal of Brown hospital medicine·2026
Same author

Inpatient Medicine: Lifespan and Healthspan.

Journal of Brown hospital medicine·2026
Same author

The Storm Behind the Silence: Detecting Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation in a Patient with Dementia.

Journal of Brown hospital medicine·2026
Same author

Upholding Evidence, Advancing Prevention: The Evolving Mission of Hospital Medicine.

Journal of Brown hospital medicine·2026
Same author

1-Minute Pearls/Pitfalls for the Clinician.

Journal of Brown hospital medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

3.2K

Short-Term Dexamethasone in Sars-CoV-2 Patients.

Vijairam Selvaraj1, Kwame Dapaah-Afriyie1, Arkadiy Finn1

  • 1Division of Hospital Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.

Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013)
|June 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early, short-term dexamethasone treatment in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and hypoxemia was well tolerated and associated with improved outcomes, including reduced C-reactive protein levels and length of stay.

Keywords:
COVID-19CRP (C- reactive protein)SARS-CoV-2corticosteroidsdexamethasone

More Related Videos

An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient
07:16

An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient

Published on: November 30, 2022

4.2K
Microbioreactor-Based Production of Anchorage-Dependent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Primed for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
09:06

Microbioreactor-Based Production of Anchorage-Dependent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Primed for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Published on: December 12, 2025

60

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

3.2K
An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient
07:16

An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient

Published on: November 30, 2022

4.2K
Microbioreactor-Based Production of Anchorage-Dependent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Primed for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
09:06

Microbioreactor-Based Production of Anchorage-Dependent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Primed for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Published on: December 12, 2025

60

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • COVID-19 pneumonia is characterized by a dangerous hyperinflammatory response.
  • Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, possesses anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.
  • No definitive therapy for COVID-19 has been established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of early, short-term dexamethasone in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
  • To assess the impact of dexamethasone on inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 21 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
  • Patients received a short course of dexamethasone, alone or with other therapies.
  • Analysis of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, length of stay, and escalation of care.

Main Results:

  • Significant decrease in CRP levels from 129.52 mg/L to 40.73 mg/L post-dexamethasone treatment.
  • 71% of patients were discharged home with a mean length of stay of 7.8 days.
  • No patients required mechanical ventilation; two were transferred to hospice due to persistent hypoxemia.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term systemic corticosteroids were well-tolerated in inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 and hypoxic respiratory failure.
  • Dexamethasone may help mitigate inflammation, potentially reducing hospitalization duration and healthcare costs.
  • While not definitive, this case series suggests corticosteroids may blunt COVID-19 severity.