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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Engineering Brain-Specific Pericytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Richard Jeske1, Jonathan Albo1, Mark Marzano1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.

Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews
|June 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generating brain-specific pericytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells is crucial for neurodegenerative disease modeling. This review details differentiation methods, key signaling pathways, and cell interactions for improved blood-brain barrier models.

Keywords:
brain specifichuman pluripotent stem cellsmesenchymal stem cellsneuroinflammationpericytes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Pericytes (PCs) are perivascular cells vital for neurovascular functions, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulation and waste clearance.
  • Brain pericytes exhibit heterogeneity and play critical roles in neurovascular unit integrity.
  • Engineering brain-specific PCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is essential for disease modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for differentiating brain-specific pericytes from hiPSCs.
  • To discuss key signaling pathways regulating pericyte function and differentiation.
  • To identify challenges and applications of hiPSC-derived pericytes in neurodegenerative disease research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on hiPSC differentiation protocols for brain pericytes.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways (PDGF-B, TGF-β, Notch) involved in pericyte development and function.
  • Examination of pericyte interactions with endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons.

Main Results:

  • hiPSC differentiation via mesoderm and neural crest induction yields brain-specific pericytes.
  • Platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Notch signaling pathways are critical regulators.
  • hiPSC-derived pericytes are valuable tools for modeling neurodegenerative diseases and drug screening.

Conclusions:

  • hiPSC-derived pericytes offer a promising avenue for advancing neurodegenerative disease research.
  • Understanding cell-cell interactions within the neurovascular unit is key for developing effective BBB models.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize brain pericyte roles in neurological disorders.