Bionic eye review - An update.
Kamil Nowik1, Ewa Langwińska-Wośko2, Piotr Skopiński3
1Department of Management and Financial Science, School of Economics, Warszawa, Poland; Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO (Samodzielny Publiczny Kliniczny Szpital Okulistyczny) Ophthalmic Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-709 Warsaw, Poland.
Summary
This systematic review explores global bionic eye advancements, assessing engineering and clinical progress in retinal prosthetics. Future research directions are identified to improve vision restoration for patients worldwide.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Ophthalmology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Current bionic eye reviews often focus on trials in developed nations.
- This study addresses the gap by examining worldwide progress in retinal prosthetics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a systematic review of global bionic eye research.
- To assess engineering features and clinical progress of recent implant trials.
- To identify future research areas for bionic implants.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and IEEExplore for peer-reviewed papers.
- Included studies on human/animal trials and innovative engineering designs.
Main Results:
- Eleven prosthetic projects met inclusion criteria, categorized by stimulation location.
- Four projects completed human trials; three are ongoing; three are in preclinical stages.
- Argus II and Alpha-IMS have received regulatory approval; new approaches like optogenetics are emerging.
Conclusions:
- Bionic eyes have shown success in restoring some visual perception in humans and animals.
- Significant engineering challenges remain for full and safe vision restoration.
- Novel approaches hold promise for enhancing future bionic eye outcomes.
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