Deletion of Glutathione S-Transferase Omega 1 Activates Type I Interferon Genes and Downregulates Tissue Factor

GST omega 1 (GSTO1) is an atypical GST isoform that is overexpressed in several cancers and has been implicated in drug resistance. Currently, no small-molecule drug targeting GSTO1 is under clinical development. Here we have validated GSTO1 as an impactful target in oncology. Transcriptional profiling coupled with proteomics uncovered novel pharmacodynamic markers and cellular pathways regulated by GSTO1. CRISPR/Cas9 GSTO1 knockout (KO) cell lines failed to form tumors or displayed growth delay in vivo; they also formed smaller 3D spheroids in vitro. Multiomics analysis in GSTO1 KO cells found a strong positive correlation with cell adhesion molecules and IFN response pathways and a strong negative correlation with Myc transcriptional signature. In addition, several clinically used drugs showed significant synthetic lethality with loss or inhibition of GSTO1. Transcription and protein expression of tissue factor (gene name, F3) were downregulated in response to GSTO1 KO. F3 is associated with poor patient survival and promotion of tumor progression in multiple cancers and is a known risk factor for metastasis. Transcription of F3 was regulated by IL1β, whose secretion decreased upon inhibition of GSTO1, suggesting that IL1β links GSTO1 expression and F3 transcription. In summary, our results implicate GSTO1 as a potential therapeutic target in cancer and offer new mechanistic insights into its significant role in cancer progression. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings validate GSTO1 as a therapeutic target in cancer and implicate GSTO1 in the modulation of tumor growth, immune responses, and expression of F3.