Derivation of oocyte-like cells from putative embryonic stem cells and parthenogenetically activated into blastocysts...

Germ cells are responsible for the propagation of live animals from generation to generation, but to surprise, a steep increase in infertile problems among livestock poses great threat for economic development of human race. An alternative and robust approach is essential to combat these ailments. Here, we demonstrate that goat putative embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were successfully in vitro differentiated into primordial germ cells and oocyte-like cells using bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and trans-retinoic acid (RA). Oocyte-like cells having distinct zonapellucida recruited adjacent somatic cells in differentiating culture to form cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). The putative COCs were found to express the zonapellucida specific (ZP1 and ZP2) and oocyte-specific markers. Primordial germ cell-specific markers VASA, DAZL, STELLA, and PUM1 were detected at protein and mRNA level. In addition to that, the surface architecture of these putative COCs was thoroughly visualized by the scanning electron microscope. The putative COCs were further parthenogenetically activated to develop into healthy morula, blastocysts and hatched blastocyst stage like embryos. Our findings may contribute to the fundamental understanding of mammalian germ cell biology and may provide clinical insights regarding infertility ailments.