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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

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A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of...
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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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Pharmacists and COVID-19.

Ali Elbeddini1, Thulasika Prabaharan2, Sarah Almasalkhi2

  • 1Chairman of the Pharmacy, Winchester District Memorial Hospital, 566 Louise Street, Winchester, ON K0C2K0 Canada.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
|June 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Pharmacists served as essential frontline workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing critical patient care and supporting the healthcare system. Their diverse roles, from community screenings to hospital drug management, warrant recognition for their contributions.

Keywords:
COVID-19Frontline health workersPandemicPharmacist

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Frontline health workers were crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Recognition for individual health professions' contributions has been inconsistent.
  • Pharmacists, both community and hospital-based, performed vital patient care and support roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the often-overlooked frontline roles of pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To detail the diverse responsibilities undertaken by pharmacists in community and hospital settings.
  • To advocate for the recognition of pharmacists as essential healthcare providers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pharmacist activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Analysis of community and hospital pharmacist roles.
  • Synthesis of evidence on pharmacist contributions to patient care and healthcare system support.

Main Results:

  • Community pharmacists provided direct patient care, triaging, screening, medication delivery, and patient education.
  • Hospital pharmacists managed drug shortages, developed protocols, interpreted results, and participated in clinical trials.
  • Pharmacists alleviated healthcare system burden and addressed public misconceptions about COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacists consistently functioned as frontline workers throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Their comprehensive roles in patient care and healthcare system support deserve acknowledgment.
  • Continued recognition and integration of pharmacists are vital for future public health initiatives, including vaccination campaigns.