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Association between diabetes mellitus and central arterial stiffness in elderly patients with systemic arterial

Romário Divino Vilarinho Galvão1, Cristiane de Sousa Pereira1, Ercilhana Gonçalves Batista Freitas1

  • 1Internal Medicine Department, Federal University of Uberlândia (Universidade Federal De Uberlândia) , Uberlândia, Brazil.

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)
|June 24, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Elderly individuals with both diabetes and hypertension exhibit increased arterial stiffness. This finding holds true irrespective of blood pressure control, highlighting vascular aging as a common factor.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gerontology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Aging is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, altering vascular structure and function.
  • Cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) exacerbate arterial stiffness.
  • Understanding arterial stiffness in elderly populations with comorbidities is crucial for cardiovascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare central arterial stiffness in elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes versus those with hypertension alone.
  • To investigate the impact of diabetes on arterial stiffness in elderly hypertensive patients.
  • To assess differences in pulse wave velocity based on the presence of diabetes and hypertension in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • The Study of Pulse Wave Velocity in the Elderly in an Urban Area in Brazil (EVOPIU) included 1,192 elderly participants (≥ 60 years).
  • Applanation tonometry (AT) was used to measure carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in 1,133 selected patients across six groups.
  • Groups included combinations of diabetic/nondiabetic and controlled/uncontrolled hypertensive status.

Main Results:

  • Elderly patients with diabetes and hypertension showed significantly greater cfPWV compared to those without diabetes (NDCH vs DCH, P=0.04; NDH vs DH, P=0.045).
  • No significant differences in cfPWV were observed between diabetic and nondiabetic groups when analyzed separately.
  • Central arterial stiffness was elevated in elderly patients with both diabetes and hypertension, regardless of blood pressure control.

Conclusions:

  • Elderly patients with coexisting diabetes and hypertension present with greater central arterial stiffness.
  • This increased stiffness is observed irrespective of systemic blood pressure control.
  • Vascular aging appears to be a common underlying factor contributing to central arterial stiffness across all studied groups.
Abstract

Keywords:
Elderlyarterial stiffnessdiabetes mellitushypertension

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