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Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

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Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
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Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors01:29

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Protein-drug binding, a pivotal aspect of pharmacokinetics, is subject to considerable variability influenced by an array of patient-related factors. The intricate interplay of age, individual differences, and pathological conditions significantly impact the binding dynamics and subsequent pharmacological effects.
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Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data01:25

Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data

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Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

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Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
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Tailoring Immunization Programmes: using patient file data to explore vaccination uptake and associated factors.

Sanjin Musa1, Katrine Bach Habersaat2, Cath Jackson3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|June 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Vaccination coverage in Bosnia and Herzegovina is suboptimal, with delays and drop-outs being key issues, particularly for the MMR vaccine. Improving vaccine supply and scheduling is crucial for increasing uptake.

Keywords:
Vaccinationbosnia and herzegovinadeterminantimmunizationparenttailoring immunization programmes (TIP)

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunization Practices

Background:

  • Vaccination uptake in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) is suboptimal, falling short of regional targets.
  • Previous assessments of vaccination coverage, timeliness, and drop-out rates are limited.
  • Understanding factors influencing vaccination uptake is essential for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess vaccination coverage, timeliness, and drop-out rates for children aged 12-35 months in FBiH.
  • To compare study findings with official administrative vaccination coverage estimates.
  • To identify child and caregiver characteristics associated with vaccination uptake.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study utilizing patient files for 3600 children (1800 aged 12-23 months, 1800 aged 24-35 months).
  • Methods adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) cluster survey methodology with a two-stage stratified sampling procedure.
  • Data collection via structured paper-based forms completed by healthcare professionals from randomly selected primary care centers.

Main Results:

  • Vaccination coverage for BCG, DTP, and MMR was consistent with administrative data but lower than regional targets; HepB coverage was notably lower.
  • Children in urban areas exhibited lower vaccination uptake compared to rural counterparts.
  • Delays and drop-outs, rather than outright refusal (2% unvaccinated), were the primary challenges; MMR vaccine uptake and timeliness were particularly affected.

Conclusions:

  • Suboptimal vaccination coverage in FBiH is characterized by significant delays and drop-outs, not widespread anti-vaccination sentiment.
  • MMR vaccine uptake and timeliness present specific concerns for caregivers.
  • Ensuring sustainable vaccine supply and adherence to the vaccination schedule are critical priorities for improving immunization rates in FBiH.