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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

1.0K
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

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Is SARS-CoV-2 Vertically Transmitted?

Ana Cristina Simões E Silva1, Caio Ribeiro Vieira Leal2

  • 1Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|June 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review found no convincing evidence for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vertical transmission. Most neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 had favorable outcomes, with no virus detected in samples like placenta or amniotic fluid.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2intrauterine infectionneonatepregnant womenvertical transmission

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Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 led to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • COVID-19 presents with a wide range of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic to critical illness.
  • Pregnancy and childhood do not appear to significantly increase the risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the scientific literature regarding vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To assess the available evidence on mother-to-neonate transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted in multiple databases (PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane, Scopus, SciELO).
  • Search terms included "coronavirus," "COVID-19," and "vertical transmission."
  • Data were independently extracted by two authors.

Main Results:

  • Few studies on SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission were identified.
  • In reported cases, maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred in the third trimester, with no maternal deaths and generally favorable neonatal outcomes.
  • The SARS-CoV-2 virus was consistently not detected in neonates, placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, breast milk, or maternal vaginal swabs.

Conclusions:

  • Current scientific literature lacks convincing evidence to support vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
  • While some neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, sample collection timing raises questions about the route of infection.
  • Further research is needed to definitively rule out intrauterine infection, though current data suggest it is unlikely.