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In- and out-of-equilibrium quantum metrology with mean-field quantum criticality.

Sascha Wald1, Saulo V Moreira2, Fernando L Semião2

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Collective quantum transitions enhance precision in metrology. This study uses a quantum spin model to show how quantum criticality and dissipation improve parameter estimation, offering insights for quantum sensor design.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Quantum information

Background:

  • Collective phenomena and phase transitions are crucial in quantum systems.
  • Quantum metrology aims to enhance measurement precision beyond classical limits.
  • Understanding the interplay between criticality and quantum information is an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of collective transition phenomena on quantum metrological protocols.
  • To analyze quantum Fisher information in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium scenarios.
  • To identify quantum criticality and dissipation as resources for enhanced parameter estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a single spherical quantum spin (SQS) model for analytical, mean-field insights.
  • Calculating quantum Fisher information for equilibrium quantum criticality.
  • Deriving quantum Fisher information for out-of-equilibrium transitions in dissipative systems.
  • Comparing analytical results with photon-counting-like measurement scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Quantum criticality and squeezing are identified as valuable resources for metrology in the SQS model.
  • Dissipation shifts critical points in non-equilibrium steady states, enabling high-precision protocols.
  • In certain parameter regimes, dissipation can lead to higher precision than equilibrium scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • Collective quantum transitions, particularly quantum criticality and dissipation, significantly influence metrological precision.
  • The SQS model provides a tractable framework for understanding these influences.
  • Dissipative quantum phase transitions offer novel strategies for designing advanced quantum metrological protocols.