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Forced Oscillations01:06

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When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.
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If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
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A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a...
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An oscillating discontinuity is a type of discontinuity in which a function’s values fluctuate infinitely often as the input approaches a particular point. Unlike jump discontinuities, where the function suddenly shifts between two values, or infinite discontinuities, where the function diverges without bound, an oscillating discontinuity arises from rapid back-and-forth variation. Because the function never stabilizes toward a single value, no finite limit exists at that point.One of the...
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Applied-force oscillations in avalanche dynamics.

Louis W McFaul1, Gregory Sparks2, Jordan Sickle1

  • 1Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

Physical Review. E
|June 25, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oscillations in the driving force can obscure avalanche dynamics. This study shows oscillatory forces only impact avalanche shapes near the oscillation period, offering insights for experiments and predictions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Discrete plasticity studies often assume monotonic force, but real systems experience oscillations.
  • Oscillations from slip avalanches or external forces can complicate dynamics analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of damped oscillations in the external driving force on avalanche dynamics.
  • Compare simulation results with experimental observations of slip avalanches.

Main Methods:

  • Model simulations of slip avalanches under mean-field dynamics.
  • Experimental analysis of slip avalanches in micrometer-sized Au specimens using open-loop force control.

Main Results:

  • High agreement between model simulations and experimental observations.
  • Oscillatory driving forces alter average avalanche shapes primarily for durations near the oscillation period.
  • Experimental strategies can mitigate shape changes by avoiding mechanical resonance with avalanche dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • External driving force oscillations have a specific impact on avalanche shapes, dependent on duration and oscillation period.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for interpreting experiments with oscillators and predicting dynamics in resonant systems.