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Optimization of Multilayered Walls for Building Envelopes Including PCM-Based Composites.

Victor D Fachinotti1, Facundo Bre1, Christoph Mankel2

  • 1Centro de Investigación de Métodos Computacionales (CIMEC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.

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Summary

This study optimizes building envelopes using Phase Change Materials (PCM) composites for enhanced thermal-energy storage (TES). Optimal designs incorporate a thin PCM layer within EPS walls to minimize heat loss and gain.

Keywords:
building envelopesgenetic algorithmsmultilayered wallsnon-linear optimizationphase change materials (PCMs)thermal-energy storage (TES)

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Area of Science:

  • Building Science
  • Materials Science
  • Thermal Engineering

Background:

  • Building envelopes require efficient thermal management to minimize energy consumption.
  • Phase Change Materials (PCM) offer significant Thermal-Energy Storage (TES) capacity for passive thermal regulation.
  • Optimizing material layering in wallboards is crucial for reducing heat loads.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a numerical procedure for simulating and optimizing the thermal performance of multilayered wallboards.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of PCM-based composites in building envelopes for TES.
  • To determine optimal material stacking sequences for minimizing heat gains and losses.

Main Methods:

  • Enthalpy-based finite element method for transient heat conduction simulation.
  • Utilizing Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data and EnergyPlus™ for boundary condition definition.
  • Genetic algorithms for optimizing material layer sequencing in wallboards.

Main Results:

  • Simulation-based optimization successfully identified effective material configurations for building envelopes.
  • Optimal designs generally involve Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) walls with a strategically placed thin PCM layer.
  • The optimal PCM layer placement is near the wall's middle, closer to the internal surface, maximizing TES benefits.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed simulation-optimization procedure effectively designs building envelopes with enhanced thermal performance.
  • PCM-based composites are valuable for improving the TES capacity of wallboards.
  • Material layering and PCM integration are key strategies for minimizing building energy loads in diverse climates.