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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

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Motor Cortex Function in APOE4 Carriers and Noncarriers.

Alia L Yasen¹, Geeta N Eick², Kirstin N Sterner²

¹Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, U.S.A.

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society

|June 25, 2020

Summary

Apolipoprotein-E ε4 carriers show no significant differences in motor cortex excitability or neurotransmitter levels compared to non-carriers. This suggests the ε4 allele does not impact motor cortex function in these measures.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

The apolipoprotein-E ε4 allele is linked to various diseases, including Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.
Apolipoprotein-E ε4 carriers often exhibit cognitive deficits and reduced motor function compared to non-carriers.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate differences in motor cortex function between apolipoprotein-E ε4 carriers and non-carriers.
To test the hypothesis that ε4 carriers have reduced motor cortex excitability and glutamate levels, with similar gamma-aminobutyric acid levels and intracortical inhibition.

Main Methods:

Saliva samples were used to determine apolipoprotein-E ε4 carrier status in 52 participants.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation assessed motor cortex excitability and inhibition.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measured glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations.

Main Results:

No statistically significant differences were observed in transcranial magnetic stimulation measures between carriers and non-carriers (P ≥ 0.19).
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed no significant differences in glutamate or gamma-aminobutyric acid levels between the groups (P ≥ 0.90).

Conclusions:

Motor cortex excitability and inhibition, as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation, are similar in apolipoprotein-E ε4 carriers and non-carriers.
Excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmitter levels in the motor cortex are comparable between carriers and non-carriers.