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Functionality-packed additively manufactured porous titanium implants.

I A J van Hengel1, F S A Gelderman1, S Athanasiadis1

  • 1Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands.

Materials Today. Bio
|June 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel porous metallic biomaterial for orthopedic implants. It combines bone growth promotion and potent antibacterial properties, aiming for implants that last a lifetime.

Keywords:
Additive manufacturingAntimicrobial implantBiofunctionalizationMultifunctional surfacesSilver nanoparticlesStrontium

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Orthopedic implant longevity is challenged by aseptic and septic loosening.
  • Current biomaterials often lack the multifuncionality required for permanent bone replacement.
  • Additive manufacturing offers new possibilities for designing complex implant structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a topologically ordered porous metallic biomaterial with enhanced functionalities for orthopedic implants.
  • To create a patient-specific implant prototype using additive manufacturing.
  • To investigate the combined osteogenic and antibacterial properties of a novel biofunctionalized implant.

Main Methods:

  • Additive manufacturing (selective laser melting) of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
  • Biofunctionalization via plasma electrolytic oxidation to incorporate strontium, silver ions, and hydroxyapatite.
  • In vitro and ex vivo assessment of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Evaluation of osteogenic potential through alkaline phosphatase activity.

Main Results:

  • The developed biomaterial features an interconnected porous structure and form-freedom for patient-specific designs.
  • Continuous release of strontium and silver ions for up to 28 days was confirmed.
  • Exceptional antibacterial efficacy against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (USA300) was demonstrated, eradicating planktonic and adherent bacteria.
  • Significantly enhanced osteogenic behavior, indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, was observed.
  • Synergistic antibacterial effects between strontium and silver ions were discovered, reducing required silver ion concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed multifunctional biomaterial represents an advanced prototype for orthopedic implants designed to outlast the patient.
  • The combination of enhanced osteogenesis and potent, synergistic antibacterial activity addresses key challenges in implant design.
  • This approach paves the way for next-generation orthopedic implants with superior longevity and performance.