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Related Concept Videos

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

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Modeling Inflammation on Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Beatriz C Freitas1, Patricia C B Beltrão-Braga1,2, Maria Carolina Marchetto3

  • 1Laboratory of Disease Modeling, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Advances in Neurobiology
|June 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell research, particularly using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offers new ways to study neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs). This approach aids in understanding the role of neuroinflammation in conditions like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and environmentally induced NDs.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disordersCongenital Zika syndromeDisease modelingInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)Neurodevelopmental disordersNeuroinflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) encompass a range of conditions affecting nervous system development, including intellectual disabilities (ID), ADHD, and ASD.
  • While diverse in origin (genetic or environmental), many NDs share an inflammatory component.
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a powerful in-vitro model for studying NDs, complementing animal and clinical data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in stem cell research for modeling neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • To focus on the role of neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and environmentally induced NDs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model neurodevelopmental disorders in vitro.
  • Analyzing genetic and environmental etiological factors contributing to NDs.
  • Reviewing existing literature on stem cell applications in ND research.

Main Results:

  • iPSC technology is particularly effective for modeling monogenic NDs like Fragile X Syndrome, Rett Syndrome, and Down Syndrome.
  • Stem cell models can investigate the impact of environmental factors, such as maternal immune activation (MIA) and Zika virus infection, on neural development.
  • These models facilitate the study of neuroinflammation's contribution to ASD and environmental NDs.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell research, especially iPSC technology, is crucial for advancing our understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Investigating neuroinflammation using stem cell models is key to unraveling the mechanisms behind ASD and environmentally influenced NDs.
  • This research holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies for a range of neurodevelopmental conditions.