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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Roles for Phospholipase D1 in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Daniela Barisano1, Michael A Frohman2

  • 1Center for Developmental Genetics and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phospholipase D (PLD) plays a role in cancer, not just within tumor cells but also in the tumor microenvironment. This review explores PLD

Keywords:
AutophagyBreast cancerCardiovascularExosomesImmune responsesInhibitorLipid signalingMetastasisNeoangiogenesisPLD1PLD2Phospholipase DPlateletsTumor microenvironmentVEGF

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cancer Biology
  • Signal Transduction

Background:

  • Phospholipase D (PLD) is a lipid-modifying enzyme implicated in cancer for decades.
  • Early research focused on PLD's role within tumor cells.
  • Emerging evidence highlights PLD's involvement in the tumor microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of PLD, particularly PLD1, in cancer.
  • To explore PLD's functions within the tumor microenvironment.
  • To discuss limitations and provide cautionary notes on PLD research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on Phospholipase D (PLD) in cancer.
  • Analysis of research on PLD's impact on tumor microenvironment components.
  • Critical evaluation of methodologies and findings in PLD research.

Main Results:

  • PLD influences neoangiogenesis, nutrient supply, and immune response.
  • PLD affects platelet interactions with circulating cancer cells.
  • PLD is involved in exosome biology within the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • PLD, especially PLD1, has significant roles beyond tumor cells, impacting the tumor microenvironment.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate PLD's complex functions in oncogenesis.
  • Caution is advised in interpreting PLD studies due to model system limitations.