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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

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Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Catalysis effect on CO2 methanation using MgH2 as a portable hydrogen medium.

Guillermina Amica1, Sara Rozas Azcona2, Santiago Aparicio2

  • 1Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro Atómico Bariloche (CNEA), Av. Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP+S.C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina. guillerminaamica@gmail.com and Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Instituto Balseiro), Centro Atómico Bariloche (CNEA), Av. Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP S.C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|June 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study explored reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4) using magnesium hydride (MgH2). Cobalt catalysis significantly enhanced methane yield and lowered reaction temperatures, offering a promising thermochemical pathway.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization is crucial for mitigating climate change.
  • Magnesium hydride (MgH2) is a potential solid-state hydrogen source.
  • Thermochemical reduction of CO2 to methane (CH4) offers a sustainable energy pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the feasibility of CO2 reduction to CH4 using MgH2.
  • Evaluate the catalytic effect of cobalt (Co) on the reaction.
  • Optimize reaction conditions for efficient methane production.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of CO2 reduction with MgH2 under varying conditions (temperature, time, molar ratio).
  • Comparative study of catalyzed (Co) and uncatalyzed reactions.
  • Analysis of reaction mechanisms, including Sabatier and reverse water-gas shift reactions.

Main Results:

  • Uncatalyzed reaction yielded 44.6% CH4 at 400 °C after 24 h.
  • Cobalt-catalyzed reaction achieved 78% CH4 yield at 350 °C after 48 h with a 4:1 MgH2:CO2 ratio.
  • Catalysis lowered operational temperature without compromising methane yield.

Conclusions:

  • Cobalt significantly enhances the thermochemical reduction of CO2 to CH4 using MgH2.
  • Optimized conditions demonstrate a viable method for CO2 conversion to a valuable fuel.
  • This research provides insights into using solid hydrogen storage materials for CO2 valorization.