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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination poses a significant environmental threat, particularly in sensitive ecosystems like the Amazon.
  • Bioremediation offers a sustainable approach to mitigate hydrocarbon pollution.
  • Optimizing bioremediation strategies requires understanding the role of additives like surfactants and organic stimulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of Tween-80® surfactant in enhancing Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) degradation during aerobic bioremediation.
  • To compare the efficacy of biostimulation treatments using leonardite and varying dosages of Tween-80® at laboratory and pilot scales.
  • To assess the impact of Tween-80® on soil microbial activity and TPH solubility.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory and pilot-scale bioremediation experiments were conducted using Colombian Amazonian soil.
  • Treatments included a control (Natural Attenuation) and four biostimulation groups with leonardite and different Tween-80® concentrations.
  • Pilot-scale tests utilized a passive aeration reactor and a Convective Flow Reactor (CFR).

Main Results:

  • Bioremediation strategies significantly improved TPH degradation compared to natural attenuation.
  • The optimal treatment, combining leonardite and 1.5 g/L Tween-80®, achieved 52% TPH degradation in 80 days at the laboratory scale.
  • At the pilot scale using a CFR, over 76% of the contaminant was degraded in 60 days with leonardite and Tween-80®, indicating enhanced solubility and microbial activity (CO2 production).

Conclusions:

  • Tween-80® surfactant effectively increases TPH solubility and stimulates microbial activity, enhancing bioremediation.
  • Biostimulation with leonardite and Tween-80® is a promising strategy for remediating petroleum-contaminated soils.
  • Optimized bioreactor design (CFR) and periodic addition of co-substrates/microbiota are crucial for efficient large-scale TPH removal.