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Prevalence of comorbidities in patients and mortality cases affected by SARS-CoV2: a systematic review and

Omar Ariel Espinosa1, Andernice Dos Santos Zanetti2, Ednardo Fornanciari Antunes1

  • 1Faculdade do Pantanal, Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo
|June 25, 2020
PubMed

Insights

The prevalence of comorbidities in COVID-19 patients is high, especially in intensive care units (ICUs) and among those who died. Having a comorbidity significantly increases the risk of death from COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, declared in March 2020, presents significant risks influenced by factors like age, sex, and pre-existing conditions.
  • Common comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes include hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of comorbidities in COVID-19 patients.
  • To analyze the mortality rate associated with comorbidities in COVID-19 patients, particularly those in intensive care units (ICUs).

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted on studies with epidemiological and clinical data of COVID-19 patients.
  • Pooled prevalence of comorbidities was calculated using a random-effects model.
  • Odds ratios were used to assess the increased probability of death in patients with comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Overall comorbidity prevalence in COVID-19 patients was 42%, rising to 61% in ICU admissions and 77% in mortality cases.
  • Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity across all groups (32% overall, 26% in ICU, 35% in deaths).
  • Patients with comorbidities had a 2.4 times higher odds of death (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • A higher prevalence of comorbidities correlates with increased likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
  • Pre-existing conditions such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes are particularly associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Males were identified as the most affected demographic group.

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