Novel imaging technology and procedures for studying brain function in preadolescent awake marmosets

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Primate Research
• Medical Imaging Technology

Background:

• Developing novel imaging techniques is crucial for understanding brain function in non-human primates.
• Previous studies often relied on anesthesia, which can alter brain activity and connectivity.
• Preadolescent marmosets are a valuable model for studying early brain development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a non-anesthetic imaging procedure for awake, preadolescent marmosets.
• To assess resting-state functional connectivity within the default mode network in 8-month-old marmosets.
• To evaluate the stress levels associated with the novel imaging protocol.

Main Methods:

• Designed a specialized head-only radiofrequency coil and integrated it into a holding system.
• Developed an acclimation procedure enabling awake imaging without anesthesia or sedation.
• Performed resting-state BOLD functional connectivity scans on preadolescent marmosets.

Main Results:

• Functional connectivity data suggest the default mode network's organization, particularly to the prefrontal cortex, is not fully mature at 8 months.
• The stress induced by the imaging procedure was comparable to standard handling and isolation stress.
• The radiofrequency coil design ensured excellent B1 homogeneity across the entire brain.

Conclusions:

• A method for imaging awake, preadolescent marmosets without prior anesthesia exposure has been established.
• This technique provides a more physiologically relevant model for studying early brain development and function.
• The head cradle design is adaptable and eliminates the need for invasive stabilization methods.